The Moral Judgment of the Child (1932/1997) by Jean Piaget
When
I read this during my doctoral program (I think on multiple occasions?).
Why
Since Social Cognitive Domain Theory (SCDT) approaches social and moral development from a constructivist perspective, Piaget is commonly considered the most significant scholar pioneering this approach when it comes to morality.
How
In large measure, this book set the stage for subsequent constructivist scholarship on social and moral development.